Saturday, June 20, 2020
Travel And Tourism Management Different Tourist Destinations - 3575 Words
Travel And Tourism Management: Different Tourist Destinations (Research Paper Sample) Content: Travel and tourism management Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc526972156 \h 3LO1 Understand the scope of key UK and worldwide tourist destinations PAGEREF _Toc526972157 \h 31.1 Analyse main tourist destinations and generators of the world in terms of visitor numbers and income generation PAGEREF _Toc526972158 \h 31.2 Analyse statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict future trends PAGEREF _Toc526972159 \h 62 Understand the cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations PAGEREF _Toc526972160 \h 72.1 analyse cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations explaining their appeal to tourists PAGEREF _Toc526972161 \h 72.2 compare features of developing and leading tourist destinations PAGEREF _Toc526972162 \h 103 Understand how the characteristics of destinations affect their appeal to tourists PAGEREF _Toc526972163 \h 123.1 compare the appeal of current leading tourist destinations with that of currently developing tourist destination s PAGEREF _Toc526972164 \h 123.2 evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal PAGEREF _Toc526972165 \h 134 Understand issues likely to affect the popularity of tourist destinations PAGEREF _Toc526972166 \h 144.1 analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations PAGEREF _Toc526972167 \h 144.2 discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide tourist destinations PAGEREF _Toc526972168 \h 15Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc526972169 \h 15References PAGEREF _Toc526972170 \h 16 Introduction In this report, the Reader will get a comprehensive understanding of different tourist destinations based in UK, Europe and the rest of the world in terms of income generation, the location, statistics and number of visitors. Apart from that, the research study will also identify the cultural, social and physical characteristics of these visitor attractions and compare them along with determining the latest trends and estimating any future trends. In the later section of the study, proper comparison will be provided between leading tourist destinations and development tourist destinations all over the world using a PowerPoint presentation. It will also evaluate the characteristics of the tourist destination. At last, the study will identify some of the major issues which can impact the popularity of various tourist destinations and discuss the responsible tourism which can and hence the features of these worldwide tourist destinations along with the community. By taking the example o f Titan travel, the report will generate a summary on some of the most visited tourist destinations in the uK and in the world and develop an effective business marketing strategy for the company to follow. LO1 Understand the scope of key UK and worldwide tourist destinations 1.1 Analyse main tourist destinations and generators of the world in terms of visitor numbers and income generation The world is filled with remarkable tourist destinations which are responsible for attracting a large number of international and domestic tourists on a daily basis which is also a great medium of income for the country. In this section, we are going to identify some of the major tourist destinations in terms of visitor numbers and income generation. London: One of the most favourite tourist destinations all over the world that attracts millions of people every year is London which offers a wide range of visitor attractions. Some of the best tourist places to visit in London include the Big Ben, London Eye, Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, British Museum, Hyde Park, Westminster Abbey, London Bridge, national history museum and much more (Formica, 2016). The city is responsible for generating revenue of around 21.5 billion pounds every year from 15 million tourist, offering a huge contribution to the GDP of the country. As of 2014, UK witnessed 31.2 million visitors from all over the world which was around 6% higher compared to the previous year. Paris: Paris is the capital city of France and also the most populous city in the country. The city is one of the top tourist destinations in the world that attracts around 83 million foreign visitors as of 2017 making France one of the most popular countries for tourism. Some of the major tourist attractions in Paris include the Eiffel Tower which alone is responsible for attracting around 7 million people from all over the world every year. Other major tourist destinations in Paris include Louvre museum, Notre Dame De Paris, palace of Versailles lease, Montmartre, Tuileries garden and much more (Formica, 2016). In 2016, the revenue generated by the tourism sector in France was around 198.3 billion euros which also develop 2.8 million jobs which contributed to the GDP of the france. Dubai: As per the statistics, in 2016, the number of international overnight visitors in Dubai was around 14.87 million, up from 14.2 million as compared to last year. The tourism sector is extremely useful for the economy of Dubai as it contributed around $90 billion in 2012 to the GDP. They also support emirates retail Industries along with the hospitality sector. Some of the major tourist destinations in Dubai include Burj Khalifa, Burj Al Arab Jumeirah, Palm Islands, the Dubai Mall, etc. Istanbul: The city is responsible for attracting 12.56 million International visitors every year which is much higher than in New York. Istanbul is considered as the meeting place of Europe and Asia and is extremely popular among the tourists for its mosques, churches, cultural heritage, nightclubs, galleries in markets. As of 2014, the number of visitors increased to 37.8 million showing the significant increase of 6 % as compared to last year. When it comes to revenue generation, turkey generates revenue of $26 billion as of 2017 where Istanbul is the major contributor to the economy of the country (Kozak, 2015). Some of the major tourist destinations in Istanbul include Hagia Sophia, Bosporus, Topkapi Palace, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, etc. USA: The USA is a country consisting of various states and cities that attract a large number of visitors from all over the world. Some of its major tourist destinations include Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Orlando, Atlanta, Chicago, New York, etc where New York is the most visited city with around 60 million visitors every year. In terms of numbers, USA attracts around 75 million International tourists every year contributing around US$7.6 trillion which is about 10.2% of the total GDP of the world. The tourism sector of USA also generate 292 million jobs as of 2016. 1.2 Analyse statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict future trends The travel and tourism sector is one of the fastest growing and ever evolving industries where new technologies and trends seem to be coming every year. In the last decade or so, the tourism sector has witnessed many changes and we are also going to see the significant impact of its on future tourism. Some of the latest and future trends in the travel industry are as below: Emerging inbound destination: With many nations joining the European Union, South America and Asia will prove to be the leading inbound destinations as they attract the interest of the tourists (Formica, 2016). Emerging inbound destinations have seen a dramatic increase in the last decade, where the number of tourists has increased by 87 % from 2006 to 2010. Some of the major inbound tourism market in the future can be Russia, Germany, United Kingdom, United States, etc. New emerging outbound markets: In 2018 and beyond, various outbound markets are emerging in the form of India and China have over a billion population each, who are now beginning to travel internationally. As per the statistics, the number of Chinese people who started travelling foreign countries has raised significantly between 2006 and 2010 with an estimated increase of 66 %. Similarly, the Indian Travellers also increased from 8.3 million in 2006 to 12. 9 million in 2010 with an increase of 55 % (Ibrahim, 2005). Green tourism: Also known as Sustainable Tourism is one of the latest trends in the tourism industry where the Travellers are encouraged to participate in green tourism by educating them about the negative impacts on the tourism and the environment. The Global climate change is one of the major problems facing the tourism industry, which are resulting in natural disasters. Through green tourism, we can witness new means of transport which can reduce pollution and traffic. Social media: Social media can be one of the future trends can the tourism industry which we have already begin to witness. Social media technologies are now being utilized as a means of communication between the organization, individuals and communities. Tourism Businesses are utilizing social media as a consumer generated medium provide them with a dedicated platform to promote their holiday packages (Kozak, 2015). Safety and security: Probably one of the biggest concerns in the tourism industry is the safety of the travellers. With modern tourism, we can witness trends in the tourism industry which would protect the tourist and local from any kind of hazards by developing a sufficient budget for safety issues (Kozak, 2015). It will include all the stakeholders to prevent the tourists from any kind of crimes. These stakeholders include Hotel owners, taxi drivers, airline companies, local population, transportation agencies, etc (Ibrahim, 2005). 2 Understand the cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations 2.1 analyse cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations explaining their appeal to tourists Features UK France Cultural Feature If we talk about culture in UK, then we can say that British culture and social norms are quite unique. English is the official language of UK with a population of 65 million ...
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Civil War Social Causes Essay Samples
Civil War Social Causes Essay SamplesWhen it comes to writing a Civil War social causes essay, there are many different tools you can use. One of the most important is your writing style. There are some writing styles that are easier than others, and in some cases, are more acceptable than others. You will have to evaluate your own writing style in order to decide which one works best for you.The most important part of your writing style is in your article content. You should provide all of the needed information and details in your article, but also be sure to add a little flare. As you write your essay, you will find that you will be able to think of many topics that can include in your essays as well.Some of the Civil War social causes essay samples may contain this type of article, while others may not. When writing a social causes essay, you have to realize that there are many different styles of writing that can help you achieve your goals. Each style is acceptable to some peop le, but not others.It is important to remember that many essay samples require no writing skills whatsoever. In this case, you are just helping out the people who are looking for such information. You want to use the articles to help them to understand the importance of the cause, and to help them to support that cause. In this way, you will be helping them in their decision making.Once you have decided on your writing style, you will find that you will be better off if you use a style that is easy to write. This can be difficult at first, but over time you will find that you will learn to be more comfortable with it. It will become easier, and you will find that you are becoming more accurate. In fact, as you learn more about the process, you will find that you caneven do it on your own!In addition to this, some of the Civil War social causes essay samples will require an essay format. If you have not written a whole lot before, you may be confused about what format you should use. If this is the case, you will need to have someone write one for you. This is done so that you will have someone with whom you can work through the process with. You will also be learning more about the process as well, which can only be a good thing.While you can certainly find Civil War social causes essay samples in books, they will be even easier to use with someone helping you to write it. You will be able to get your essay written faster, and will not need to worry about if you are creating a truly great essay. As you practice more, you will find that you can do these processes yourself, but if you have someone help you out, it will be even easier for you.
Monday, May 18, 2020
Language Pathologists And Its Effects On The Adult s Voice
Introduction After the first couple of months, infants become more interactive with their surroundings. They are very curious and have the desire to get in touch with the world. In order to engage in such activity, they begin by utilizing their sense of touch by placing numerous objects in their mouth. In the upcoming months, infants start to use different senses such as hearing and sight to get in touch with their surroundings. Before they are even able to speak, their caregivers speak to them in differentiated speech and vocalizations as opposed to adults. The intonation and rhythm in the adultââ¬â¢s voice is usually different around young children, causing them to be able to get their attention. Over the years, speech language pathologists have conducted a large number of studies where it demonstrates childrenââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ fascination with speech generated by humans. Levi, as summarized by the ASHA leader, conducted a study where the children successfully recited words after distinguish ing the familiar and unfamiliar voices of the speakers. Discussion The results of the study revealed that familiarity helped children. Levi began her article by stating that young children are able to efficiently remember concepts through their caregivers. Previous studies have shown that infants have the ability to store information in regards to some of the spoken characteristics of their providers. This helps the young child to be able to distinguish familiar voices from strangers. A scenario where itShow MoreRelatedVoice Therapy1306 Words à |à 6 Pagescompared to surgical intervention for adults with vocal nodules Behavioral/Voice Treatment Fu, S., Theodoros, D., Ward, E. C. (2016).Long-term effects of an intensive voice treatment for vocal fold nodules. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 18(1), 77-88.doi:10.3109/17549507.2015.1081286 Fu and colleagues (2016) proposed a study to examine the long-term effects of intensive voice therapy for vocal fold nodules in comparison to traditional voice therapy. Thirty-six women that wereRead MoreHealth Disparities And Communication Disorders3081 Words à |à 13 Pagesdepending on the individual. Recently, health disparities have begun to implicate the field of Communication Sciences and Disorders. Speech pathologists have developed a larger caseload stroke victims as well as children with learning disabilities as a result of increased illness and disease. In order to accommodate victims of health disparities, speech pathologists must take steps to gain access knowledge on treatment for this field. The Center of Disease Control and Prevention definesRead MoreCommunication Disorders7061 Words à |à 29 PagesCOMMUNICATION DISORDERS What is Communication Disorder? â⬠¢ a speech, language and hearing disorder which refers to problems in communication and in related areas such as oral motor function. â⬠¢ The symptoms vary depending on the particular type of communication disorder, but they generally center around problems communicating. â⬠¢ Children with communication disorders have deficits in their ability to exchange information with others. COMMUNICATION â⬠¢ a multidimensional dynamic process thatRead MoreThe And Adaptive Communication And Assistive Technology2623 Words à |à 11 Pageshas a difficult time communicating using verbal speech. According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), AAC is any form of communication other than verbal speech, including gestures, facial expressions, writing, pictures and symbols (2014). AAC may be temporary or permanent. AAC may be unaided (e.g., only the userââ¬â¢s body is necessary for communication) in the form of American Sign Language and other gestures. AAC may also be aided, which is where AT comes into play, through graphicRead MoreThe Key Features Of Stuttering1799 Words à |à 8 PagesWhen parents suspect their child may have a stutter, family physicians are the first professionals to be approached. The family physician will conduct an evaluation based on the degree of dysfluency, as well as motor skills, auditory skills, and language level (Lawrence et al., 1998). According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, ââ¬Å"referral to SLP from physician is made if a child is over 4 years old, has been stuttering for more than 3 months, shows consistent stuttering and demonstratesRead MoreWhat Is Communication Disorder?2958 Words à |à 12 PagesCommunication Disorder affects many children. Children with communication disorder, as its name implies, have trouble producing speech sounds, or have trouble understanding others or their spoken language (Mash and Wolfe). It gives rise to four other different types of speech disorder, expressive language disorder, phonological disorder, mixed receptive-expressive disorder, and stuttering. Because communication disorder is broad, the DSM specifies each symptom to a specific disorder, hence its fourRead MoreDifference Raising a Son or Daughter2316 Words à |à 10 Pageshave proven that boys do not hear as well as girls, and girls hear better and more rapidly than boys. By elementary school, while a boys hearing may be ââ¬Å"normalâ⬠it still isnââ¬â¢t as attuned as a girls hearing is. The range of hearing studied was that of voice frequency, and this attributes to one of the reason that boys require more hands on learning and discipline than girls do. Parents feel more comfortable up rooting a boy by the hand and dragging him to time our than they do up rooting a girl by herRead MoreCerebral Palsy (CP) Essay2147 Words à |à 9 Pages The disorder usually does not get any worse; yet it is an irreversible, everlasting illness that does not subside. Cerebral palsy occurs either during pregnancy or after pregnancy as the brain is impaired while in the process of developing. The effects of cerebral palsy are important when factored into a personââ¬â¢s lifestyle because it ââ¬Å"can affect a personââ¬â¢s posture, balance, hearing, and ability to move, communicate, eat, sleep and learn. People who have CP may also be prone to seizures and haveRead MoreUnit 2 PPT Copy4989 Words à |à 20 Pagesnot qualify for diagnosis of autistic disorder 4. There are no requirements that any of the communication impairments â⬠¢ 1. DSM 5: Aspergerââ¬â¢s There are no subcategories with the DSM 5 so there is not specific diagnostic criteria specifying Asperger s. Quiz 1: Be MINDFUL of which DSM the quiz questions are referring to! â⬠¢ According to DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for autism, which of the following is not required for diagnosis a. Restricted repetitive and stereotyped behaviors or interests b.Read MoreChildren Of A Foreign Country And Not Knowing The Language And The Customs2968 Words à |à 12 PagesEnvision living in a foreign country and not knowing the language and the customs. Imagine having songs linger inside of your head and never going away. Pretend the slightest sounds being extremely overwhelming. These are just some examples of the difficulties that individuals with autism may encounter on a daily basis. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), 1 in 68 children are identified with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. With the prevalence of these disorders being
Saturday, May 16, 2020
The Human Cloud Is A Staple Of Doing Business - 1273 Words
Over the last decade, the ââ¬Å"human cloudâ⬠has become a staple of doing business. Companies from main street to wall street can quickly find extremely talented subcontractors online, from anywhere in the world, at a very reasonable price. For this reason, it has become increasingly difficult to trade competitively without ââ¬Å"crowdsourcing,â⬠or accessing the human cloud. The ââ¬Å"human cloud,â⬠a term used to describe the online, talentsourcing ecosystem that has emerged over the last decade or so, revolves around online middlemen, such as Upwork , that engage a virtual pool of workers from around the world that can be tapped, on demand, to provide a broad range of services to any interested buyer (Kaganer, 2012). ââ¬Å"As the world becomes more global,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦2). All these advantages notwithstanding, the challenges of leveraging the human cloud should not be taken lightly. Perhaps the most notable downside to international trade would be the sophistication of communication required to manage cloud workers. Virtual organizations can speed up cycle time, but they pose new challenges for managers on how to manage remote workers. Communications technologies and the Web let employees work from anywhereââ¬âaround the corner or around the worldââ¬âand require special attention to managing communication (Carpenter, 2009, p. 62). For the uninitiated, differences in culture, language and cross time zone coordination make the managerial task formidable indeed. Given this challenge, we wonder if there exists a set of principles for successfully leveraging the human cloud? Here are three principles that managers of a distributed workforce can rely on to successfully leverage the human cloud. Principle #1: Inspire Most workers want to be a part of an enterprise that matters. Current research suggests that in the United States, the millennials generation, specifically, has a preference for social enterprises (FerriReed, J., 2014). As the global workforce ages, the advantage in
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Sociological Imagination Coined By Sociologist C. Wright...
Throughout our lives we encounter numerous personal troubles, no matter big ones or trivial ones. However, one may seldom relate their problems in a sociological level rather often try to ascribe the blame to their personal wrongs. In this essay I would introduce the topic of sociological imagination coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills, describing how personal matters have all sorts of interwoven relationships with social issues. It is also important to realize that there are distinctions between ââ¬Å"personal troublesâ⬠and ââ¬Å"public issuesâ⬠despite their relationship. To be successful survivors in our society, one must have the insight and sensibility to analyze how their personal troubles can be viewed to a broader extent. Because it is believed that the individualsââ¬â¢ life and the history of society cannot be understood by not understanding the relation between the two (Mills 1959). American sociologist C. Wright Mills first introduced the concept of sociological imagination in 1959. This novel perspective of sociological ideology is defined as a quality of mind that is able to reason and achieve clear connections between what is happening within us to a broader societal view (Mills 1959). In other words, it is the awareness of the relationship between personal experience and our wider society. The concept can further be elaborated to the application of thought to ask sociological questions from familiar routines of daily life. According the Mills, the difference betweenShow MoreRelatedSociological Imagination Was Coined By Sociologist C. Wright Mills1649 Words à |à 7 PagesSociological imagination was coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1959 to describe the ability to remove oneself from a given situation whether it affects your life or not personally and try to imagine the situation or conflict from a different perspective or more global view. Ità ¢â¬â¢s the personal perspective that affects our judgments, opinions and actions to a situation. Removal of the personal viewpoint gives us an unbiased way to make a decision that is fair. Removing past prejudices and moresRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Of Sociology963 Words à |à 4 PagesAfter a careful study and a deeper research on an introduction to sociology, I have come to understand that no problem can be solved well enough if one does not have the sociological perspective which is defined as a way of looking at the world through a sociological lens. In fact, there is the need of the lens that will help one to view situations and have the eye to emerge through different views to solve that problem. This mirror has become a doorway that will help one to have a beginnerââ¬â¢s mindRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The Nineteenth Century1357 Words à |à 6 Pagesvast new possibilities of what they could achieve. Sociological imagination aims to understand the historical significance and the life of an individual person together as one element with C. Wright Mills claiming that ââ¬Å"the sociological imagination enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaning for the inner life and external career of a variety of individualsâ⬠. Mills coined the term ââ¬Ësociological imaginationââ¬â¢ and has been described as giving the clearest explanationRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination And Common Sense1648 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Sociological Imagination was a term that was first coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills. It could be said that definition of The Sociological Imagination is having the ability to look beyond personal experience and realise that society is shaped by the cross over between biography and history. Mills thought that everyone in society had the capability to think sociologically and that this was essential to gain a deeper und erstanding of both their society, and their current circumstance. ThisRead MoreSociology Essay1116 Words à |à 5 Pagesa new awareness of society.â⬠She adds that, ââ¬Å"the term sociology was coined by a French social thinker Auguste Comte (1798-1857).â⬠In the book, Thinking Sociology by Carl, sociology is defined as, ââ¬Å"a science guided by the basic understanding that the social matters: our lives are affected, not only by our individual characteristics, but by our place in the social world.â⬠Sociology should be studied using sociological imagination, ââ¬Å"the ability to look beyond the individual as the cause for successRead MoreA Study Of The Development, Structure, And Functioning Of Human Society909 Words à |à 4 Pagesand Public Issues). C. Wright Mills, an American sociologist, coined the term sociological imagination. Having this quality of the mind enables us to make sense of the intersection between history and biography and the relations between the two within society. This imagination is the ââ¬Å"capacity to range from the most impersonal and remote transformations to the most intimate features of the human selfâ⬠(Mills). Through the use of different sociologistââ¬â¢s sociological imagination, questions that aroseRead MoreThe Conflict Between Personal Experience And The Wider Society910 Words à |à 4 Pageshas been a common and natural feature of a city throughout the world. While the public perceptions of these ââ¬Å"undesirablesâ⬠are lazy, dangerous, and ignorant, it is not solely their fault and choice to be on the streets. Sociological imagination, as coined and defined by C. Wright Mills, is ââ¬Å"the vivid awareness of the relationship between personal experience and the wider societyâ⬠. Simply put, it is the ability to interpret situations and circumstances in terms of social context and understand how theyRead MoreSociology as a Perspective 1332 Words à |à 6 PagesSociologist argue that ââ¬Å"the sociological perspective is a way of thinking; a form of consciousness that challenges familiar understandings of ourselves and of others, so we can critically asses the truth commonly held assumptionsâ⬠(Micionis and Plummer 2008:10). This essay supports this statement by analysing and discussing the significance of sociological perspective in our everyday lives. According to Peter L. Berger sociological perspective is described as the link between societal events andRead Morecheat sheet1448 Words à |à 6 Pages1. The sociological perspective, as a way of thinking about the world, includes the sociological imagination from C. Wright Mills, the beginnerââ¬â¢s mind from Bernard McGrane, and the idea of culture shock from anthropology. Explain what all three of these concepts have in common. Response: All three of these concepts have in common are the idea of breaking down social barriers to gain a different perspective on culture people and behaviors. When a person is in a new area where the culture is differentRead MoreWhy You Are Performing Heart Surgery Or Scanning Grocery Items For A Living1665 Words à |à 7 Pagesto decide how to proceed. For example, if I was running late to class and knew of a shortcut to get me there in time, I may be inclined to use it. To me, the shortcut signifies me not running late. Herbert Blumer continued Meads work and actually coined the word Symbolic Interactionism to describe this theory of society. He proposed three tenets to explain symbolic interactionism. Let s say I decide to take the shortcut and started running to my class. Blumerââ¬â¢s first tenet was that we act based
Objective Psychology and Psychoanalysis Essay - 1055 Words
1. Objective psychology and psychoanalysis have much in common. Wulff compares these studies on page two hundred and fifty eight by stating ââ¬Å"both reject unaided introspection as a means of gathering fundamental data.â⬠In other words, in neither psychoanalysis nor objective psychology, can a person take an observation made from themselves about themselves and consider it fundamental data. Another similarity would be ââ¬Å"that human conduct is the outcome of complexly determined casual events that lie outside awarenessâ⬠(258). In this particular case, both types of science believe that the way we act is an outcome of more than one event that may have occurred outside of our knowing. An example could be being stressed out or feeling anxiety.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦On the other side you have the psychoanalysts who ââ¬Å"draw their evidence from the private inner world of the individual psycheâ⬠(258). Where objective psychologists use observations t hat are accessible to all sciences and observers the psychoanalyst draw all of their conclusion on facts that come from studies of the individualââ¬â¢s brain. This makes the psychoanalysts ââ¬Å"become participant-observers in the lives of their suffering patientsâ⬠(258). That is, they use longer studies that, at times, become personal and intimate. The objective psychologists use ââ¬Å"terse and quantified responses of randomly selected subjectsâ⬠(258). These studies are shorter and not personal because the patients or subjects are picked randomly and completely unrelated. 2. In Sigmund Freudââ¬â¢s studies, he studied religion and how it reflected on people during different stages of his life. The stages he comes to discover were those of the oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, and the genital stage. All of these stages are related to how a child reacts to mothers and fathers and how the Oedipus complex plays a role from infancy through adulthood. The way Freud believed these stages started and progressed are involved with his two theories of psychology. One is the ontogenetic theory, which is most enhanced by Freud, and the phylogenetic theory which is the theory by Freud that is the most criticized. The ontogenetic theory is a theory designedShow MoreRelatedHistory of Psychology852 Words à |à 4 PagesWhat is Psychology? Psychology is said to be the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The study of human behavior, development, and learning; and also seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion, and behavior. Today the question we are doing falls under the History of Psychology. It deals with the earlier schools (Structuralism and Functionalism) and compares them with the most recent schools of psychology (Gestalt psychology, Psychoanalysis and CognitiveRead MorePsycho Dynamic Psychology Essay763 Words à |à 4 PagesThe psycho dynamic approach is a form of depth psychology, the objective of this technique for the psychotherapist is to open up the unconscious content of the mind in order to treat the psychic anxiety of the patient. Even though this method stems from the psychoanalysis it is a smaller amount comprehensive technique. The humanistic/existential approach associated with the conviction that human beings are alone in this world, for the reason of this belief is that a person may perhaps feel aRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1018 Words à |à 5 Pagesof psychology is common to talk about the psychological schools, as these are defined as groups of psychologists who shared a theoretical view and focused psychological problems with a common orientation; these have evolved over time. Psychology was first established as a separate science of biology and philosophy, that s when the real debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began start, different psychological schools represent the major theories of psychology. TheRead More The Development of Psychology Essay1156 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Development of Psychology Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and the mind. This definition implies three things. The first is that psychology is a science, a field that can be studied through objective methods of observation and experimentation. The second is that it is the study of behavior, animal activity that can be observed and measured. And the third is that it is the study of the mind, the conscious and unconscious mental states that cannot be seen but inferredRead MoreThe Use of Psychoanalysis to Make Sense of Human Behavior Essay1342 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Use of Psychoanalysis to Make Sense of Human Behavior ââ¬Å"Psychoanalysis offers a good story to make sense of behaviour, but it is a story the truth of which can never be confirmed.â⬠Discuss. Psychoanalysis is an approach to the understanding of human behaviour by Freud and other famous psychologists. It is a method of treating mental and emotional disorders by discussion and analysis of oneââ¬â¢s thoughts and feelings. It relies on the therapistââ¬â¢s ability to make the unconscious consciousRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Psychology Is Defined As The Scientific Study Of The Human Mind And Behavior1281 Words à |à 6 PagesPsychology is defined as the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. It was established as a separate discipline during the late 1800s and can be taken back to the time of the ancient Greeks. From around 500BC to 322 BC, Greek philosophers suggested a theory of ââ¬Å"psycheâ⬠that is where the word psychology comes from. This meaning the mind, soul and spirit. The Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were some of the most influential philosophers of their time. However, due toRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Ps ychology947 Words à |à 4 Pages Before psychology consolidated it self as the school of thought we have come to know today, it went through a number of theoretical adjustments. Freud and Watson became pioneers of two different approaches. Psychodynamics and Behaviorism could be argued to be two of the most pivotal influences on psychology. To really grasp their value we have to understand their individual philosophical influences, founders and their theories. Both have expanded the growth of psychology as a science, but withRead MoreSigmund Freud And Erik Erikson1110 Words à |à 5 Pagesif the parent-rearing unit influence acquires the appropriate balance with their child, they grow to become mentally healthy, well-adjusted adults who will appreciate their families and experience a social maturity with their sexual behavior. Psychoanalysis, as practiced by Freud along with ââ¬Å"contemporary therapists, usually is a long-term, intensive processâ⬠(Seligman, 2013, p. 51). The strengths of this theory refle ct in other current theories in the early stages of the child-parent relationshipsRead MoreEssay on Inside the Head of Sigmund Freud1568 Words à |à 7 Pagesof the unconscious mind and for creating the clinical process of psychoanalysis, which treated psychopathology by using the ââ¬Å"talking cureâ⬠. The talking cure is best known as a one to one talk between the patient and the doctor. He is also known for his radical and complex theories such as the Oedipus complex, and the Electra complex. His fields include neurology, philosophy, psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. Many question his authenticity since there is no proof or recordRead MoreReaction Paper of Sigmund Freud1227 Words à |à 5 PagesGiulia Valeria Cavallari Central Philippine University BS Psychology 1 Reaction Paper on Sigmund Freud works Heroically, Freud dominated the 20 the century. Indeed from his birth in 1856 to his death in 1939, Freudââ¬â¢s contribution to psychology and a host of other areas of human endeavor has been so outstanding and far reaching that it may be very difficult to envision several aspects of popular culture without a Freudian perspective. Moreover, while it has
Boundary Issue in Social Work free essay sample
Boundary Issues in Social Work: Its implication for Social Workers Florida Atlantic University Boundary issues in social Work: It implication for social workers Reamerââ¬â¢s article entitled. ââ¬Å"Boundary issues in social work: Managing dual relationships. â⬠provides an overview of boundary issues in social work, and also stresses the fact that social work literature clearly demonstrates that ethical issues related to boundaries are among the most problematic and challenging (2003,p. 121). Consequently, for Social Workers, establishing a solid professional, ethical and consistent relationship with their clients must be their ultimate goal. Unfortunately, many find themselves in situations where their ethical and professional careers come into question, because of boundary issues. As defined by Reamer in his article, boundary issues occur when social workers face possible conflicts of interest in the form of what has become know as dual or multiple relationships (121). Social workers should not enter into dual relationship with their clients, because of the negative implications it can generate. This paper will discuss ethical issues that violate boundaries. Be it may social, emotion or professional relationship, for both social worker and clients when a social worker form a dual relationship with his/her clients, and create boundary issues. This relationship as stated by Reamer occurs when professionals engage with clients or social groups in more than one relationship, assumes a second role with a client, becoming social worker and friend, employer, teacher, and family member. The NASW Code of Ethics identifies core values (service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity and competence) on which social workers should base their professional relationships with their clients, and should be followed to ensure professionalism. As stated by Reamer, ââ¬Å"Social Workers-be they clinical, community organizers, policy makers, supervisors, researchers, administrators, or educators, oftentimes come across circumstances that pose actual or potential boundary issuesâ⬠(2003,p. 121). However, as a social worker, one has to be cognizant of the fact that in many cases he/she is highly esteemed by their clients and often privileged to confidential and personal information, which is sometimes not privilege to family members or even close friends. Therefore extra precaution should be taken to avoid using this information to exploit their clients. Social relationship The case study entitle ââ¬Å"Ethics Case Study: Juan S,â⬠gives a prime example of social relationship that violates boundaries. This case study gives details of a family who immigrated to America illegally from El Salvador. Unable to get assistance from the government because of their illegal status, Juanââ¬â¢s mother and brother worked menial jobs to try and make ends meet and there were times when Juan mother was not paid for her services. After noticing Juanââ¬â¢s behavior in class his teacher recommended him to a social worker. After visiting with Juan and his family, the social worker was privileged to other information about the family, including the fact that his mother was having a hard time with her present employer and needed better employment in order to make ends meet. Ultimately, the social worker acted upon information given by Juanââ¬â¢s family and decided that it would work in her benefit, as well as Juan and his family, if she hired Juanââ¬â¢s mother to take care of her own children. In addition she also states ââ¬Å"the arrangement would also be beneficial because he would be spending time in an English-speaking environment, thus improving his ability to communicate in school, and her children would be learning Spanish in the home. Employing Juanââ¬â¢s mother, to work in his/her home is a clean violation of the code. This is so because the social worker not only takes on the role of employer, but also friend. Relationship like these can easily be exploited and render the social worker ineffective and clients, psychologically scared. The reason for this is Juanââ¬â¢s Mother, Sylvia, might not feel comfortable talking to her ââ¬Å"bossâ⬠/social worker about issue that could be helpful to her son, for fear of losing her job and not receiving help, which is their only mode of financial support. In addition, the social worker might loose credibility with Juan and Sylvia because of situations observed while in the social workers home. On the other hand some might find this night not see anything wrong with helping out a family in need but Social Workers in general need to learn from this occurrence and endeavor to be always cognizant of the fact that their ability to show genuine compassion and acceptance may be misconstrued by others. Consequently, Social Workers should understand culture and its function in human behavior and society, because this could have played a part in this clientââ¬â¢s decision. In many cultures rewarding hard work and dedication is seen as honorable. Since a social worker has the grueling and sometimes daunting task of addressing clientsââ¬â¢ many problems, the client may perceive that the Social Worker should be compensated. Conversely, some gestures made by clients may be inadvertently encouraged by the Social Worker therefore engendering a boundary issue. NASW therefore cautions Social Workers to be alert and avoid conflicts of interest that interfere with the exercise of professional discretion and impartial judgment (1999). Social workers should inform clients when an issues or potential conflict arises and make reasonable effort to resolve the issue, even if it means referring a client to another social worker. For many clients and non Social Workers, termination of the professional relationship with clients and referring then to another Social Worker might seem uncaring. However, Social Workers are well aware of the fact that this practice is endorsed by the NASW (1999) as an effective way to avoid potential boundary and dual relationship issues from occurring. In reiterating points made earlier in this paper, clients develop a level of trust when conversing with Social Workers and thus are able to speak freely, and develop friendships with that someone who they may perceive as the only person who shows genuine understanding of their situation and display unconditional positive regard toward them. The above mentioned qualities serve to assist clients to connect with their social workers and divulge more information than they would to a family member or friend. The drawback or negative impact of this occurs when Social Workers take advantage of a client by allowing the professional relationship to progress to a personal level. This is interpreted by the NASW as misconduct and should be frowned on as unprofessional by all Social Workers. Unfortunately, sexual misconduct continues to afflict the field of Social work, and in my opinion continues to be another boundary issue of high importance. The NASW clearly states that Social Workers should not engage in sexual activities or sexual contact with clients, relatives or other individuals with whom clients maintain a close personal relationship, since there is a risk of exploitation or potential harm to the client (1999). Sexual activity or sexual contact as stated above has the potential to be harmful to the client and may make it difficult for the social worker and client to maintain appropriate professional boundaries, and should be avoided at all cost. Unfortunately, some might argue that we do not live in a perfect world, and feelings of a sexual nature can culminate eventually between worker and client. However, this does not alleviate the ethical and professional responsibility placed upon a Social Worker to become and remain proficient in professional practices, when providing service to their clients. Despite the fact that Reamerââ¬â¢s article gives examples of some nonsexual and appropriate behavior in some circumstances, for example, ââ¬Å"a brief hug at the termination of long-term treatment or placing oneââ¬â¢s arm around a distraught client in a residential program who just receive bad newsâ⬠(2003, p. 128) These behaviors, as stated by Reamer, are very brief and will not likely be harmful to the client. However, social workers should be in constant awareness of their ethical and professional boundaries as they relate to their clients, and try to avoid any situation that would compromise their relationship. As stated by Hutchinson ââ¬Å"it may be assumed that for every exploitive Social Worker, there is at least one sexually exploited clientâ⬠(2005). In addition, nearly half (46. 3%) of the 147 responding Social Workers surveyed by Hutchinson (2005) reported that 177 client had disclosed sexual involvement with a therapist which includes Social workers. Reamer cites the fact that during a 20-year period, nearly one in five lawsuits (18. %) against social workers, insured through the malpractice insurance program sponsored by the NASW Insurance Trust, alleged some form of sexual impropriety, and more than two-fifths (41. 3%) of insurance payments were the result of claims concerning sexual misconduct (2003, p. 124). Unfortunately, sexual misconduct in service oriented professions continues to be a significant problem. Olarte (as cited in Reamer, 2003) reported a national data that suggest between 8. 0 percent and 12. 0 percent of males and 1. 7 percent and 3. percent of females in these professions, which include social workers, admit having had sexual relationships with current or former clients. (p. 124). In my opinion social workers should abide by the NASWââ¬â¢s (1999). ). This contains standards that prohibit benefiting from clients, financially, physically or socially, and doesnââ¬â¢t take into consideration issues that some might assume as ââ¬Å"not as severe as othersâ⬠. Social relationship as stated by Reamer in his article is not as exploitive in nature, as social workersââ¬â¢ sexual involvement with clients. Reamer (2003) cites a recent empirical survey of a statewide sample of clinical social workers that uncovered substantial disagreement concerning the suitability of their behavior when dealing with clients, such as developing friendships with their clients; participating in social activities with clients; serving on community boards with clients; providing clients with oneââ¬â¢s home telephone number; accepting goods and services from clients instead of money (p. 128). However, some social relationships that are not kept at a professional and ethical level can easily lead to boundary issues. This is so because social workers in their effort to communicate with their clients on these levels may inadvertently disclose a personal problem, which in turn can hinder their professional opinion and disregard the interest of their clients. As stated by Reamer, ââ¬Å"this can be both helpful and harmful to the same client. Helpful in that the client feels more connected to the social worker and harmful in that the self-disclosure undermines the clientââ¬â¢s confidence in the social workerâ⬠(2003, p. 123). The above ethics case shows how social relationship, no matter how well intended can create boundary issues and eventually leads to Dual relationship. This is so because she was not only seeing Juan on a professional level, for which she is being paid, but she was benefiting from service rendered by Juan and his mother. In other words, despite the fact that social relationships might not be consider as severe as the other boundary issues, such as financial gain and sexual misconduct, one should not minimized the potential implication that can arise from these relationships. In conclusion, it is observed that issues of boundaries and Dual relationships continue to be problematic and challenging for many social workers. Consequently, social worker must be cognizant of the fact that the NASW code of ethics, which identifies core values on which social worker should base their professional relationships, should be of utmost importance in their every day communication with their clients. As identified, some boundary issues can have serious implication for social workers as well as clients and should not be violated. The NASW demonstrates the ethical and professional expectations of social workers, and guide their relationships, as tempting as these relationships can be, social workers should always keep in mind their ethical and professional responsibility to their client.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)